Programming

Ruby
"Ruby is a language of careful balance. Its creator, Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto, blended parts of his favorite languages (Perl, Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, and Lisp) to form a new language that balanced functional programming with imperative programming."
Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto, creator of Ruby, looked at other languages to find an ideal syntax. Recalling his search, he said, “I wanted a scripting language that was more powerful than Perl, and more object-oriented than Python." (Source: https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/about/)
[Ruby] https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/

JavaScript
JavaScript is one of the more popular web scripting languages. Web pages are designed and often controlled using JavaScript.

[W3Schools.com] http://www.w3schools.com/js/DEFAULT.asp
[CodeAcademy] http://www.codecademy.com/tracks/javascript
[CodeSchool] https://www.codeschool.com/
[Code] http://code.org/learn

Python
Python was developed in the late 1980's as a complementary language to C. While C can be difficult to program, and ugly at times, Python developers wanted a coding language representing simple yet beautiful coding. Python has evolved considerably since the 1990's and is now used successfully in numerous business applications, ranging from YouTube to Facebook to Google. Python is also the primary scripting language for ESRI's ArcGIS GIS software products.